Git

Stages changes moves them from your working directory into the snapshot that the next commit will record.

Copies a remote repository — full history included — into a new local directory and wires up 'origin' automatically.

Records the staged snapshot as a new point in history, with a message explaining why, not just what.

Shows exactly what changed, line by line — between your working directory, the staging area, or any two commits.

Creates a new, empty Git repository — a .git directory holding all history — in the current folder.

Walks commit history who changed what, when, and why, from most recent backward.

Shows what's staged, what's changed but unstaged, and what Git isn't tracking at all — the first command to run when you're not sure what state you're in.